lot 234 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Sarah Graham ''Gnome'' signed colour print numbered 47 from an edition limited to 95, box canvases 82.5 x 122cms; 33 1/2 x 52in., unframed.
Sold for £90 More details 1
lot 235 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Sarah Graham ''Dolly the Duck''' signed colour print numbered 44 from an edition limited to 95, box canvases published 2012 81 x 81cms; 32 x 32in., ... read more
Sold for £110 More details 1
lot 236 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Ashley Jackson A Yorkshire farm in the snow signed in pencil colour photolithograph numbered 243 from an edition limited to 500 37 x 55cms; 14 1/2 x ... read more
Sold for £35 More details 1
lot 237 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
After Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat ''Problemas de Pareja...'' - a sketch for an exhibition poster of paintings by Warhol and Basquiat at Tony ... read more
Sold for £250 More details 1
lot 238 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Victor Vasarely ''Deep Kinetics 5'' signed cellophane silkscreen over collotype print published by Editions du Gifton, Neuchatel, 1965 23 x 29cms; 9 ... read more
Sold for £70 More details 1
lot 239 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*After Walter Holmes ''Sail training ship Danmark passing North Shields in 1972'' signed in pencil colour photolithograph numbered 74 from an edition ... read more
Sold for £55 More details 1
lot 241 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*After Rolf Harris ''Leopard Watch'' signed in pencil colour giclee numbered 32 from an edition limited to 95 impressions 36 x 45cms; 14 1/4 x 17 ... read more
Sold for £160 More details 1
lot 243 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*G*** Siles ''Silvart'' signed and inscribed in pencil colour lithograph numbered 48 from an edition limited to 150 impressions 61.6 x 80cms; 24 1/4 ... read more
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 245 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Trxtr ''Manga Class 47'' signed in pencil unique colour giclee print numbered 1 from an edition of 1, published 2008 50 x 70cms; 19 3/4 x 27 1/2in. ... read more
Sold for £200 More details 1
lot 246 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Trxtr ''Stone Storm'' signed in pencil unique colour giclee print numbered 1 from an edition limited to 1, published 2008 50 x 70cms; 19 3/4 x 27 ... read more
Sold for £200 More details 1
lot 247 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Trxtr ''Doll Face Disaster'' signed in pencil unique colour giclee print numbered 1 from an edition limited to 1, published 2008 69.5 x 50cms; 27 ... read more
Sold for £200 More details 1
lot 250 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Peter Blake ''Got a girl'' signed screenprint and collage numbered in pencil 62 from an edition limited to 100 impressions 71 x 114cms; 28 x 45in.
Sold for £1,300 More details 1
lot 250A (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Anthony Brandt ''Ecstasy'' signed in pen limited edition photolithograph from the first edition numbered 31 59 x 106.5cms; 23 1/4 x 42in.
Sold for £90 More details 1
lot 251 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
After Andy Warhol ''Marilyn'' - on pastel green ground silkscreen print, blue back stamp 91 x 91cms; 55 3/4 x 55 3/4in.
Sold for £550 More details 1
lot 262 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*After Francis Bacon ''Portrait of Isabel Rawsthorne'' lithograph printed by Maeght '1966 32 x 26cms; 12 1/2 x 10 1/4in. PROVENANCE The Hester ... read more
Sold for £280 More details 1
lot 263 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*After Francis Bacon ''George Dyer Crouching'' lithograph printed by Maeght 1966 34 x 25cms; 13 1/4 x 9 3/4in. PROVENANCE The Hester Gallery, Leeds.
Sold for £300 More details 1
lot 264 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*After Francis Bacon ''Portrait of Lucian Freud'' - triptych photolithographs 55.5 x 26.5cms; 14 x 10 1/4in. (3) PROVENANCE The Hester Gallery, Leeds.
Sold for £500 More details 1
lot 265 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
After Beryl Cook ''Lunch Time Refreshment'' signed in pencil limited edition colour photolithograph published by Alexander Gallery Publications 49 x ... read more
Sold for £280 More details 1
lot 266 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*After Mackenzie Thorpe ''Cause I Love You'' signed and inscribed lithograph numbered 36 from an edition limited to 65 impressions 69.5 x 101cms; 27 ... read more
Sold for £200 More details 1
lot 270 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*After Walasse Ting ''Cats'' colour photolithographs published by Yves Riviere, Paris 1989 48 x 59.8cms; 19 x 23 1/2in. (a pair)
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 272 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Sandra Blow Abstract Composition signed in pencil mixed media and collage numbered 79 from an edition limited to 130 51 x 53cms; 20 x 21in. (image ... read more
Sold for £520 More details 1
lot 274 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*J*** N*** Padden ''Bamburgh Castle & Green'' signed, inscribed and dated '76 Watercolour and felt-tip pen 35.5 x 49.5cms; 14 x 20in.
Sold for £50 More details 1
lot 277 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Antoni Sulek ''Castles in the Air'' signed and dated 1972 verso colour felt-tip pens 40.5 x 27cms; 16 x 10 3/4in.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 278 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Antoni Sulek ''Wzesien Krawy, 1939'' - Polish Generals planning strategy signed and dated 1976 coloured felt-tip pens 30 x 41cms; 12 x 16 1/4in.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 279 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Antoni Sulek ''Three Women Conversing'' signed and date '76 gouache 43 x 30cms; 17 x 12in.
Sold for £70 More details 1
lot 280 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Antoni Sulek Abstract Study signed and dated '86; signed and dated verso pastel 62.5 x 49cms; 24 1/2 x 19 1/4in.
Sold for £30 More details 1
lot 282 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Antoni Sulek ''And... 427'' signed and dated '76; inscribed with title verso coloured felt-tip pens 29 x 23.5cms; 11 5/8 x 9 1/4in.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 289 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
**** Bell-Foster An abstract landscape signed gouache 46.5 x 61cms; 18 1/4 x 24in.
Sold for £50 More details 1
lot 291 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Angela Hughes ''Tyneside Cinema II (Interior)'' signed and inscribed verso charcoal and white chalk 58.5 x 84cms; 23 x 33in., unframed. NB ... read more
Sold for £70 More details 1
lot 293 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
**** Marco Portrait of an Oriental women; and a Native North American Chief signed gouache 37 x 25.5cms; 14 1/2 x 10in. (2)
Sold for £35 More details 1
lot 295 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Peter Endeson ''The Collier Lads'' signed and dated 2005; inscribed on a label verso pastel 37 x 63cms; 14 1/2 x 24 3/4in.
Sold for £140 More details 1
lot 296 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Tom Dack ''Northumberland in Winter - a view along the Roman Wall'' signed; inscribed on a label verso watercolour 21 x 31cms; 8 1/4 x 12 1/4in.
Sold for £25 More details 1
lot 299 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Jim Sturgeon A continental wooded landscape indistinctly signed watercolour 28 x 35.6cms; 11 x 14in.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 300 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Vincent Lines A shipyard with a large vessel under construction signed watercolour 37.5 x 55cms; 14 3/4 x 21 1/2in.
Sold for £70 More details 1
lot 301 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*''Smudge'' (John William Smith) ''Three Wise Men'' signed; with inscription on a label verso pastel on board 48 x 58cms; 19 x 22 3/4in.
Sold for £600 More details 1
lot 305 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Manner of Gino Severini A Futurist landscape with signature gouache 40.5 x 52.5cms; 16 x 20 3/4in.
Sold for £140 More details 1
lot 307 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Albert Henry Herbert ''North Shields Fish Quay'' signed, inscribed and dated 1971; with inscription on Artist's label verso watercolour 38 x 53cms; ... read more
Sold for £60 More details 1
lot 310 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
After Walter Whall Battiss Figural abstractions signed watercolour and felt-tip pen 28 x 22cms; 11 x 8 3/4in.; and After Frans Martin Claerhout ... read more
Sold for £70 More details 1
lot 311 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*A*** van den Bossche Female Heads signed pen, ink and gouache 22 x 29cms; 8 3/4 x 11 1/2in. average (unframed). (10)
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 312 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Norman Stansfield Cornish ''Misty Morning'' - a horse and cart passing St. Paul's Church, Spennymoor signed; with inscription on a gallery label ... read more
Sold for £5,000 More details 1
lot 313 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Norman Stansfield Cornish ''Derelict mining village, County Durham'' signed; with inscription on a gallery label verso watercolour and flowmaster ... read more
Sold for £1,000 More details 1
lot 314 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Norman Stansfield Cornish ''The Pit Road'' signed watercolour and pastel over pencil and flowmaster pen 26.5 x 40cms; 10 1/2 x 15 3/4in. PROVENANCE ... read more
Sold for £5,000 More details 1
lot 317 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Stephen Ward Portrait study of a man signed and dated '62 pencil on grey tinted paper 46 x 33cms; 18 x 13in.
Sold for £250 More details 1
lot 319 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Walter Holmes A quiet river backwater signed and dated '75 pastel 39.5 x 59cms; 15 1/2 x 23 1/4in.
Sold for £120 More details 1
lot 322 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Ann Thetis Blacker ''Tidings'' signed and dated '59; inscribed and dated 1959 verso pastel 26.5 x 30cms; 10 1/2 x 11 3/4in., unframed. PROVENANCE ... read more
Sold for £90 More details 1
lot 323 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Ann Thetis Blacker ''Tree'' signed; inscribed and dated 23rd Oct. '59 watercolour 21.5 x 16.5cms; 8 1/2 x 6 1/2in., unframed. PROVENANCE From the ... read more
Sold for £90 More details 1
lot 324 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Pamela Shears Flower Studies signed watercolours 52 x 31.5cms; 20 1/2 x 12 1/4in. (a pair)
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 325A (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*J*** Stephen ''Benjamin'' - portrait of a boy signed and dated 2008 watercolour 49.5 x 33.5cms; 19 1/2 x 13 1/4in.
Sold for £45 More details 1
lot 327 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Richard Flynn ''The Supper Bar'' signed pastel 37.5 x 53cms; 14 3/4 x 20 1/2in. (unframed).
Sold for £450 More details 1
lot 328 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Albert Gordon Thomas A view in the Highlands signed and dated '39 watercolour 25 x 31cms; 9 3/4 x 12 1/4in.
Sold for £80 More details 1
lot 329 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Clifford William Blakey ''Northern Light'' and ''Autumn Trees'' signed; one with date 2005 on a label verso watercolour 53 x 53cms; 21 x 21in. ... read more
Sold for £280 More details 1
lot 330 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Clifford William Blakey ''Hills of Cheviot'' signed; with inscription and dated 2006 on a label verso watercolour 18 x 18cms; 7 x 7in.
Sold for £90 More details 1
lot 332 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*John Leslie Thomson A country scene with a farmer loading a cart signed oil on canvas 44.5 x 90cms; 17 1/2 x 35 1/2in.
Sold for £200 More details 1
lot 333 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Ann Manie ''Alfresco'' collage and bodycolour on board 40.5 x 82.5cms; 16 x 32 1/2in.
Sold for £50 More details 1
lot 334 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Caryn J*** Conran ''Butterfly'' - a still-life study of vases of flowers and a Japanese figurine acrylic and collage on box canvas 76 x 76cms; 30 x ... read more
Sold for £60 More details 1
lot 335 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Eva Gargalinski Red Figure signed and dated '94 oil on board 48 x 42cms; 19 x 16 1/2in.
Sold for £30 More details 1
lot 336 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Jose ''Josep'' Carratero Gomis ''The Church Of Sant Roma - Lloret De Mar'' signed oil on board 39.5 x 28cms; 15 1/2 x 11in.
Sold for £30 More details 1
lot 337 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Yvon Dieulafe ''The Cobb-Lyme Regis''. signed oil on board 24 x 39cms; 9 1/2 x 15 1/4in.
Sold for £50 More details 1
lot 339 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Julia Dorothy Barnby ''Suzanne'' - a bust portrait of a women signed; inscribed on a Royal Society Portrait Painters label verso oil on board 38 x ... read more
Sold for £70 More details 1
lot 341 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Susan Lincoln ''Hedgerows'' signed; inscribed on a label verso acrylic on box canvas 61 x 91cms; 24 x 35 7/8in., unframed.
Sold for £120 More details 1
lot 342 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*John Leonard Robinson Fishing cobles on Newbiggin beach signed and dated 1991 oil on board 44 x 59.5cms; 17 1/4 x 23 1/4in. NB Robinson was one of ... read more
Sold for £90 More details 1
lot 343 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*John Leonard Robinson ''Woodhorn Mill'' signed and dated 1979; signed and inscribed verso oil on board 48.5 x 56cms; 18 1/4 x 22in. PROVENANCE As ... read more
Sold for £30 More details 1
lot 344 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*John Leonard Robinson ''Harvest Field'' signed and dated 1980; signed, inscribed and dated verso oil on board 51 x 61cms; 20 x 24in., unframed; ... read more
Sold for £40 More details 1
lot 345 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*John Leonard Robinson Flowers in a vase oil on board 69.5 x 43.5cms; 27 1/4 x 17in.; and ''Warkworth Castle'' signed and dated 1979 oil on board ... read more
Sold for £35 More details 1
lot 346 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
R*** Reay Abstract Study signed; signed and inscribed verso oil on board 50 x 122cms; 19 3/4 x 48in.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 347 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Douglas Pittuck ''Barnard Castle and Mill'' signed and inscribed on a label verso oil on canvas 49.5 x 75cms; 19 1/2 x 29 1/2in.
Sold for £220 More details 1
lot 348 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
M*** Smith ''No. 2'' - an abstract composition signed and inscribed verso oil on canvas 94 x 95cms; 37 x 37 1/2in.
Sold for £110 More details 1
lot 349 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
C*** Catchpool ''Untitled No. 8'' and ''Still-Life No. 6'' one signed and dated 1963; both inscribed verso oil on boards 75 x 62cms; 29 1/2 x 24 ... read more
Sold for £170 More details 1
lot 350 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
**** Auty Portrait Head signed oil on board 33.5 x 25.5cms; 13 1/4 x 10in.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 353 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Contemporary British School ''Amber Nude'' acrylic on board 88 x 68.5cms; 34 3/4 x 27in.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 354 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*J*** Ellis ''Martini Girl'' signed acrylic on box canvas 60 x 60cms; 23 1/2 x 23 1/2in., unframed.
Sold for £30 More details 1
lot 355 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
**** Suklu Abstract Forms signed and dated 2000; signed and inscribed verso oil on block canvases 40 x 29cms; 15 3/4 x 11 1/2in., unframed. (4)
Sold for £60 More details 1
lot 356 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
20th Century Dutch School Abstract Forms indistinctly signed verso oil on canvases 20 x 25cms; 8 x 10in. (set of 12)
Sold for £450 More details 1
lot 359 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
**** **** Flowers on a table by an open window indistinctly signed acrylic on paper 38 x 38cms; 15 x 15in.
Sold for £100 More details 1
lot 364 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*A*** J*** Hall ''Alfie'' - portrait of a shipyard worker signed; with inscription on a label verso oil on board 44.5 x 59.5cms; 13 1/2 x 23 1/2in.
Sold for £60 More details 1
lot 366 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*John Bampfield A Cavalry Charge signed oil on canvas 50 x 75cms; 19 3/4 x 29 1/2in.
Sold for £250 More details 1
lot 367 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Editha von Clee Red Poppies signed oil on canvas 89 x 79cms; 35 x 30in.
Sold for £110 More details 1
lot 369 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Alexander Millar ''Stay Bonnie Lad'' - a Gadgie and his dog signed oil on canvas 44 x 34cms; 17 1/4 x 13 1/2in.
Sold for £3,500 More details 1
lot 371 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Manner of Andre Masson 20th Century French School Sunflowers in a bowl indistinctly signed with monogram oil on canvas 50 x 39.8cms; 19 3/4 x 15 ... read more
Sold for £40 More details 1
lot 372 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Bradley Smith ''Western Portrait'' with inscription verso oil on board 58 x 37.5cms; 23 x 14 3/4in.; and Portrait Head signed and dated 10.66 gouache ... read more
Sold for £140 More details 1
lot 374 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Manner of Mary Jewels A fishing harbour with inscription on a label verso oil on board 27 x 34.5cms; 10 3/4 x 13 1/2in.
Sold for £40 More details 1
lot 375 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Eyob Mergia Three figures at an African market oil on canvas laid on board 58.5 x 43cms; 23 x 17in; together with Artist Unknown ''Impression Rainy ... read more
Sold for £70 More details 1
lot 378 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Beryl Rankin ''Large Yellow Nude'' signed with initials and dated '93; inscribed on labels verso oil on canvas 128 x 128cms; 50 1/2 x 50 1/2in.
Sold for £190 More details 1
lot 380 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*George Muris A Continental village signed oil on board 37 x 50cms; 14 1/2 x 19 3/4in.
Sold for £35 More details 1
lot 381 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Norman Stansfield Cornish ''A back lane, Spennymoor: washday'' signed; with inscription on a gallery label verso oil on board 53 x 65.5cms; 21 x 25 ... read more
Sold for £6,000 More details 1
lot 383 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Bernard Dunstan ''Moroccan Girl'' signed with initials; with inscription on a label verso inscribed with title and ''Collection Mrs. E. Stubbs'' oil ... read more
Sold for £620 More details 1
lot 384 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Alexander Millar ''Climb On Board'' - a Gadgie carrying a small boy signed; signed and dedicated by the Artist verso oil on board 24 x 19cms; 9 1/2 ... read more
Sold for £850 More details 1
lot 385 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Tom Dack ''Fitting The Propeller'' - a shipyard scene signed; with Artist's label verso oil on board 24 x 19cms; 9 1/2 x 7 1/2in.
Sold for £60 More details 1
lot 386 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Robert Gammie ''Dove #3'' oil on board 61 x 91cms; 24 x 36in. Sold together with a signed declaration from the Artist, dated May 2000.
Sold for £50 More details 1
lot 387 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Annabel Jane **** Female Nude Study signed verso oil on canvas 168.5 x 168cms; 66 1/4 x 66in., unframed.
Sold for £110 More details 1
lot 391 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Jolan Polatschek Williams Abstract Composition signed grille and mixed media 76 x 50cms; 30 x 19 3/4in; Richard **** Abstract Composition ... read more
Sold for £30 More details 1
lot 395 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Lars Printz ''Nymfene Hilser Solen'' signed; signed, inscribed and dated 1926 verso oil on board 56.5 x 63.5cms; 26 x 32 1/2in.
Sold for £400 More details 1
lot 396 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Rhonda Stockman Abstract Aborigine Composition signed and inscribed verso oil on canvas 5.5 x 106.5cms; 33 3/4 x 45 3/4in., unframed.
Sold for £140 More details 1
lot 397 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
20th Century Canadian School Inuit portrait of a whale oil on coarse-woven canvas 37 x 96.5cms; 14 1/2 x 38in.
Sold for £200 More details 1
lot 398 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
Mikhail Fedorovich Kholuev and Ludmila Sergeevna Manevich ''Lenin leading the Bolshevik Revolution'' signed verso in cyrillic with the name of ... read more
Sold for £550 More details 1
lot 399 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Roy Ray ''Sept 2: Porthia'' signed, inscribed and dated '88 Mixed media 24 x 20cms; 9 1/4 x 7 3/4
Sold for £90 More details 1
lot 401 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*David Hinge ''The Green Door'' and ''The Tall Ship'' signed; inscribed on labels verso acrylic on boards 99 x 67.5cms; 42 x 23 3/4in. 106 x 60cms; ... read more
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 402 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*John Ross Still life of a fish signed and dated '04; signed verso oil on canvas 100 x 200cms; 39 1/2 x 78 3/4in., unframed.
Sold for £20 More details 1
lot 407 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*Ann Gillie ''Left Hand, Right Hand'' indistinctly signed; indistinctly signed, inscribed and dated 1965 verso mixed media 54 x 84cms; 21 1/4 x 33in.
Sold for £30 More details 1
lot 408 (Fine Art, 19th Jul, 2016)
*David Leapman ''The Obsessive Journey No. II'' signed, inscribed and dated 1986 verso oil on canvas 35 x 50cms; 13 3/4 x 19 1/2in., unframed.
Sold for £60 More details 1